Computer Glossary (P-S)

• Palm
  A hand-held computer.
• PC
  Personal computer. Generally refers to computers running Windows with a Pentium processor.
• PC board
  Printed Circuit board. A board printed or etched with a circuit and processors. Power supplies, information storage devices, or changers are attached.
• PDA
  Personal Digital Assistant. A hand-held computer that can store daily appointments, phone numbers, addresses, and other important information. Most PDAs link to a desktop or laptop computer to download or upload information.
• PDF
  Portable Document Format. A format presented by Adobe Acrobat that allows documents to be shared over a variety of operating systems. Documents can contain words and pictures and be formatted to have electronic links to other parts of the document or to places on the web.
• Pentium chip
  Intel's fifth generation of sophisticated high-speed microprocessors. Pentium means .the fifth element..
• Peripheral
  Any external device attached to a computer to enhance operation. Examples include external hard drive, scanner, printer, speakers, keyboard, mouse, trackball, stylus and tablet, and joystick.
• Personal computer (PC)
  A single-user computer containing a central processing unit (CPU) and one or more memory circuits.
• Petabyte
  A measure of memory or storage capacity and is approximately a thousand terabytes.
• Petaflop
  A theoretical measure of a computer's speed and can be expressed as a thousand-trillion floating-point operations per second.
• Platform
  The operating system, such as UNIX., Macintosh., Windows., on which a computer is based.
• Plug and play
  Computer hardware or peripherals that come set up with necessary software so that when attached to a computer, they are .recognized. by the computer and are ready to use.
• Pop-up menu
  A menu window that opens vertically or horizontally on-screen to display context-related options. Also called drop-down menu or pull-down menu.
• Power PC
  A competitor of the Pentium chip. It is a new generation of powerful sophisticated microprocessors produced from an Apple-IBM-Motorola alliance.
• Printer
  A mechanical device for printing a computer's output on paper. There are three major types of printers: Dot matrix: creates individual letters, made up of a series of tiny ink dots, by punching a ribbon with the ends of tiny wires. (This type of printer is most often used in industrial settings, such as direct mail for labeling.)
  Ink jet: sprays tiny droplets of ink particles onto paper.
  Laser: uses a beam of light to reproduce the image of each page using a magnetic charge that attracts dry toner that is transferred to paper and sealed with heat.
• Program
  A precise series of instructions written in a computer language that tells the computer what to do and how to do it. Programs are also called .software. or .applications.
• Programming language
  A series of instructions written by a programmer according to a given set of rules or conventions (.syntax.). High-level programming languages are independent of the device on which the application (or program) will eventually run; low-level languages are specific to each program or platform. Programming language instructions are converted into programs in language specific to a particular machine or operating system (.machine language.) so that the computer can interpret and carry out the instructions. Some common programming languages are BASIC, C, C++, dBASE, FORTRAN, and Perl.
• Puck
  An input device, like a mouse. It has a magnifying glass with crosshairs on the front of it that allows the operator to position it precisely when tracing a drawing for use with CAD-CAM software.
• Pull-down menu
  A menu window that opens vertically on-screen to display context-related options. Also called drop-down menu or pop-up menu.
• Push technology
  Internet tool that delivers specific information directly to a user's desktop, eliminating the need to surf for it. PointCast, which delivers news in user-defined categories, is a popular example of this technology.
• QuickTime.
  Audio-visual software that allows movie-delivery via the Internet and e-mail. QuickTime mages are viewed on a monitor.
• RAID
  Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks. A method of spreading information across several disks set up to act as a unit, using two different techniques:
  Disk striping: storing a bit of information across several discs (instead of storing it all on one disc and hoping that the disc doesn't crash).
  Disk mirroring: simultaneously storing a copy of information on another disc so that the information can be recovered if the main disc crashes.
• RAM
  Random Access Memory. One of two basic types of memory. Portions of programs are stored in RAM when the program is launched so that the program will run faster. Though a PC has a fixed amount of RAM, only portions of it will be accessed by the computer at any given time. Also called memory.
• Right-click
  Using the right mouse button to open context-sensitive drop-down menus.
• ROM
  Read-Only Memory. One of two basic types of memory. ROM contains only permanent information put there by the manufacturer. Information in ROM cannot be altered, nor can the memory be dynamically allocated by the computer or its operator.
• Scanner
  An electronic device that uses light-sensing equipment to scan paper images such as text, photos, and illustrations and translate the images into signals that the computer can then store, modify, or distribute.
• Search engine
  Software that makes it possible to look for and retrieve material on the Internet, particularly the Web. Some popular search engines are Alta Vista, Google, HotBot, Yahoo!, Web Crawler, and Lycos.
• Server
  A computer that shares its resources and information with other computers, called clients, on a network.
• Shareware
  Software created by people who are willing to sell it at low cost or no cost for the gratification of sharing. It may be freestanding software, or it may add functionality to existing software.
• Software
  Computer programs; also called .applications.
• Spider
  A process search engines use to investigate new pages on a web site and collect the information that needs to be put in their indices.
• Spreadsheet
  Software that allows one to calculate numbers in a format that is similar to pages in a conventional ledger.
• Storage
  Devices used to store massive amounts of information so that it can be readily retrieved. Devices include RAIDs, CD-ROMs, DVDs
• Streaming
  Taking packets of information (sound or visual) from the Internet and storing it in temporary files to allow it to play in continuous flow.
• Stylus and tablet
  A input device similar to a mouse. The stylus is pen shaped. It is used to .draw. on a tablet (like drawing on paper) and the tablet transfers the information to the computer. The tablet responds to pressure.the firmer the pressure used to draw, the thicker the line appears.
• Surfing
  Exploring the Internet.
• Surge protector
  A controller to protect the computer and make up for variances in voltage.